Tacit Knowledge in Low-Status Eldercare Work.

Cultural failure to recognize tacit knowledge that informs eldercare is key to understanding how and why the labor of workers in this area of professional caregiving, especially those earning low wages, is dramatically undervalued in the US health sector. This essay first explains key differences in credential-based knowledge and tacit forms of health knowledge and then considers how status differentiation privileges credential-based knowledge of clinicians of higher status, such as physicians and nurses, who do not perform the hour-to-hour care for most of our country's elders. Finally, this article suggests the ethical and clinical importance of health care organizations' sources of knowledge and roles in equitably valuing labor to promote quality service delivery, better working conditions, and better pay for workers earning low wages.

Functional Outcome and Complications following Ileal Neobladder Reconstruction in Male Patients without Tumor Recurrence. More than 35 Years of Experience from a Single Center.

Purpose: There is a lack of data on true long-term functional outcome of orthotopic bladder substitution. The primary study objective was to report our 35-year clinical experience.

Materials And Methods: Since October 1985, 259 male patients from a large single center radical cystectomy series with complete followup of more than 60 months (median 121, range 60-267) without recurrence, irradiation or undiversion that might have affected the functional outcome, were included.

Aggression by male bonobos against immature individuals does not fit with predictions of infanticide.

The selective advantage of male infanticide is enhancement of reproductive success of the aggressor. This implies that aggression is directed at individuals sired by others, infant loss shortens the mother's inter-birth interval, and the aggressor has a greater likelihood of siring the next offspring of the victims' mother. As these conditions are not always met, the occurrence of male infanticide is expected to vary, and hominoid primates offer an interesting example of variation in male infanticide.

[Prostate biopsy: Procedure in the clinical routine].

Over the last decade there has been a 25% decrease in the mortality rates for prostate cancer. The reasons for this significant decrease are most likely associated with the application of urological screening tests. The main tools for early detection are currently increased public awareness of the disease, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided topographically assignable biopsy sampling.

Intensifying the saturation biopsy technique for detecting prostate cancer after previous negative biopsies: a step in the wrong direction.

Objective: To report the results using an extensive saturation biopsy in men with negative prostate biopsies but in whom there is still a clinical suspicion for carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: Between February 1999 and October 2004 we offered 40 patients (median age 63 years) an extensive saturation biopsy if there was clinical suspicion of prostate cancer after previous negative prostate biopsies. The median (range) number of cores taken was 64 (39-139) and was adjusted to the size of the prostate.