Looking beyond Self-Protection: The Eyes Instruct Systemic Immune Tolerance Early in Life.

The eyes provide themselves with immune tolerance. Frequent skin inflammatory diseases in young blind people suggest, nonetheless, that the eyes instruct a systemic immune tolerance that benefits the whole body. We tested this premise by using delayed skin contact hypersensitivity (DSCH) as a tool to compare the inflammatory response developed by sighted (S) and birth-enucleated (BE) mice against oxazolone or dinitrofluorobenzene at the ages of 10, 30 and 60 days of life.

The age-dependent change in olfactory periglomerular neuronal populations is not affected by interrupting subventricular neuroblast migration in adult rats.

The olfactory bulb (OB) is rich in the number and variety of neurotransmitter and neuropeptide containing cells, in particular in the glomerular layer. Several reports suggest that numbers of some periglomerular phenotypes could change depending on age. However, it is unclear whether the different classes of periglomerular interneurons are modified or are maintained stable throughout life.

[Campylobacter jejuni infection in children of a rural community].

Colonization of the intestine with Campylobacter jejuni was followed longitudinally from birth in a cohort of 75 rural children with fecal cultures taken every fortnight and every time they had diarrhea. Only 25% of children initially colonized with C. jejuni during the first year of life, and 12% of children initially colonized during the second had diarrhea.

Inhibition of localized adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells by immunoglobulin and oligosaccharide fractions of human colostrum and breast milk.

Secretory IgA (sIgA) purified from colostrum and breast milk obtained from 14 women inhibited the localized adherence of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) to HEp-2 cells. Inhibition decreased as lactation continued even when the concentration of sIgA was maintained constant at 1 mg/ml. sIgA responded to a 94-kDa plasmid-encoded outer membrane protein implicated as the EPEC adherence factor.

Association of Escherichia coli HEp-2 adherence patterns with type and duration of diarrhoea.

373 (59%) out of 636 faecal specimens obtained during the first 2 years of life of 72 Mexican children yielded adherent Escherichia coli (HEp-2 cells). Strains with localised adherence were significantly associated with acute non-bloody diarrhoea, whereas strains with aggregative adherence were significantly associated with persistent diarrhoea. Half the strains with localised adherence were not enteropathogenic E coli serotypes nor did they hybridise with an enteropathogenic E coli adherence factor DNA probe.