Experience with placing peritoneal dialysis catheters in the iliac fossa in cases of frozen pelvis.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a modality frequently preferred by patients for the management of their end-stage kidney disease; however, a major factor in its success is PD catheter placement and subsequent function. Optimal placement of PD catheters is generally accepted to be in the true pelvis, for this reason, many patients who are found to have a pelvic cavity obliterated by adhesions are often denied the opportunity to do PD. We report on four cases of an alternative advanced laparoscopic technique used in patients with inaccessible pelvic cavities, with three catheter placements in the intraperitoneal left iliac fossa/paracolic gutter and one case in the right paracolic gutter with subsequent good outcomes.

Farmers' preference and willingness to pay for a multivalent lumpy skin disease and Rift Valley fever novel vaccine: A discrete choice experiment in the Free State province, South Africa.

Rift Valley fever and lumpy skin disease are infectious ruminant diseases that are endemic in most African countries. The most cost-effective method of prevention and control is through annual vaccination. However, unlike lumpy skin disease, annual vaccination against Rift Valley fever is not practiced by many farmers due to its sporadic occurrences and shortcoming of the existing vaccines.

Eukaryotic opportunists dominate the deep-subsurface biosphere in South Africa.

Following the discovery of the first Eukarya in the deep subsurface, intense interest has developed to understand the diversity of eukaryotes living in these extreme environments. We identified that Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Annelida and Arthropoda are thriving at 1.4 km depths in palaeometeoric fissure water up to 12,300 yr old in South African mines.

Monitoring programme revision highlights long-term salinity changes in selected South African rivers and the value of comprehensive long-term data sets.

Determination of data adequacy for detection of long-term salinity changes was an important task in the revision of the South African National Chemical Monitoring Programme (NCMP). The NCMP has been running for more than 30 years with several hundred active monitoring sites. Twenty-five sites on major rivers had sufficient continuous data for the estimation of salinity changes over a 25-year period and statistically significant upward or downward trends occurred at 17 of the 25 sites.

Ethological studies within the man-horse relationship.

Certain aspects of ethology and the horse's senses are discussed to bring about a better understanding between man and horse. Furthermore the behaviour of horses with respect to housing, feeding, breeding, veterinary treatment and work are considered.