GraS signaling in is regulated by a single D35 residue in the extracellular loop.

Bacterial two-component systems are crucial features of bacterial pathogens such as methicillin-resistant to overcome environmental and antimicrobial stresses by activating regulons to interfere with the bactericidal mechanisms. GraRS is a unique subset of two-component systems belonging to the intramembrane-sensing histidine kinase family (IM-HK) and is responsible for resistance to cationic host defense peptides. However, the precise manner by which the short 9-residue extracellular loop of the membrane sensor GraS detects the antimicrobial peptides and transduces the signal is not comprehensively understood.

Searching for Monomeric Nickel Tetrafluoride: Unravelling Infrared Matrix Isolation Spectra of Higher Nickel Fluorides.

Binary transition metal fluorides are textbook examples combining complex electronic features with most fundamental molecular structures. High-valent nickel fluorides are among the strongest known fluorinating and oxidizing agents, but there is a lack of experimental structural and spectroscopic investigations on molecular NiF or NiF . Apart from their demanding synthesis, also their quantum-chemical description is difficult due to their open shell nature and low-lying excited electronic states.

Laser sintering of gravure printed indium tin oxide films on polyethylene terephthalate for flexible electronics.

Tin doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films provide excellent transparency and conductivity for electrodes in displays and photovoltaic systems. Current advances in producing printable ITO inks are reducing the volume of wasted indium during thin film patterning. However, their applicability to flexible electronics is hindered by the need for high temperature processing that results in damage to conventional polymer substrates.

Higher extracellular fluid volume in women is concealed by scaling to body surface area.

Objective: The objective was to assess body surface area (BSA) for scaling extracellular fluid volume (ECV) in comparison with estimated lean body mass (LBM) and total body water (TBW) across a range of body mass indices (BMI).

Methods: This was a multi-centre study from 15 centres that submitted raw data from routine measurement of GFR in potential kidney transplant donors. There were 819 men and 1059 women in total.

Association between bile acid turnover and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Objective: The intestinal absorption of vitamin D is linked to bile acid absorption. This link may be abnormal in patients with osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relation between osteoporosis and bile acid turnover, measured as whole-body Se-75-HCAT retention (WBR), in postmenopausal women.