Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions to increase knowledge and awareness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.

Various interventions, including caregiver education, psychoeducation, teacher and clinician training and behavioral management embedded with education, are available to enhance awareness and knowledge among caregivers, teachers, and clinicians. This review synthesizes evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions to increase ADHD awareness and knowledge for caregivers, clinicians, and teachers. Peer-reviewed literature was identified through the systematic searches of six databases: MEDLINE Complete, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, Global Health and EconLit.

Mapping hotspots of zoonotic pathogen emergence: an integrated model-based and participatory-based approach.

Background: An increase in pandemics of zoonotic origin has led to a growing interest in using statistical prediction to identify hotspots of zoonotic emergence. However, the rare nature of pathogen emergence requires modellers to impose simplifying assumptions, which limit the model's validity. We present a novel approach to hotspot mapping that aims to improve validity by combining model-based insights with expert knowledge.

Chemical structure-biological activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone analogs as potential Aedes aegypti larvicides.

Background: 1,4-Naphthoquinone compounds have shown pesticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, a key vector of diseases such as dengue and Zika. However, limited knowledge of their structure-activity relationships has hindered their optimization for pesticide development. This study investigates the structure-activity relationships of 1,4-naphthoquinone, particularly 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and its derivatives.

Estrogen receptors in mitochondrial metabolism: age-related changes and implications for pregnancy complications.

Estrogen hormones are primarily associated with their role as female sex hormones responsible for primary and secondary sexual development. Estrogen receptors are known to undergo age-dependent decreases due to age-related changes in hormone production. In the mitochondria, estrogen functions by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in the electron transport chain, inhibiting apoptosis, and regulating mitochondrial DNA content.