Dermoscopic findings in two cases of trichogerminoma.

Trichogerminoma (TG) is a rare, benign, cutaneous adnexal tumor originating from the hair germ epithelium. It typically presents as an asymptomatic, slowly enlarging nodule predominantly on the head, face, or trunk. Despite its benign nature, precise diagnosis is crucial because of its potential to become malignant.

Proinflammatory cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is regulated by multiple intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease that involves periarthritis of the TMJ and destruction of cartilage tissue in the mandibular condyle. However, the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) remains inconclusive. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the expression of MMPs.