CARS 2025 Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery - 40th Anniversary and reflections on the role of modelling and AI.

Purpose: Based on CARS Congress events selected from its 40 year history, this editorial summarises the main challenges and solution concepts encountered, and what the future may hold for a model-centric world view in the specific domain of computer assisted radiology and surgery.

Methods: Altogether some 15,000 publications appeared in the CAR/CARS Congress Proceedings and Journal between 1985 and 2025, comprising approximately 3000 full papers and 12,000 long abstracts. Modelling occupied a central theme in many of these publications, particularly in the 2020s.

Neurobiological correlates of comorbidity in disorders across the affective disorders-psychosis spectrum.

Disorders across the affective disorders-psychosis spectrum such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizoaffective disorder (SCA), and schizophrenia (SCZ), have overlapping symptomatology and high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders. So far, however, it is largely unclear why some of the patients develop comorbidities. In particular, the specific genetic architecture of comorbidity and its relationship with brain structure remain poorly understood.

Coherent control of rare earth 4f shell wavefunctions in the quantum spin liquid TbTiO.

The resonant excitation of electronic transitions with coherent laser sources creates quantum coherent superpositions of the involved electronic states. Most time-resolved studies have focused on gases or isolated subsystems embedded in insulating solids, aiming for applications in quantum information. Here, we focus on the coherent control of orbital wavefunctions in the correlated quantum material TbTiO, which forms an interacting spin liquid ground state.

A setup for hard x-ray time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at SwissFEL.

We present a new setup for resonant inelastic hard x-ray scattering at the Bernina beamline of SwissFEL with energy, momentum, and temporal resolution. The compact  = 0.5 m Johann-type spectrometer can be equipped with up to three crystal analyzers and allows efficient collection of RIXS spectra.