Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibition Facilitates α-Synuclein Secretion and Delays Its Aggregation in rAAV-Based Rat Models of Parkinson's Disease.

Cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology is considered to underlie the spread of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have demonstrated that α-syn is secreted under physiological conditions in neuronal cell lines and primary neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate extracellular α-syn secretion remain unclear.

Selegiline ameliorates depression-like behaviors in rodents and modulates hippocampal dopaminergic transmission and synaptic plasticity.

Selegiline, an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-type B, is widely prescribed for Parkinson's disease and, at higher doses, for major and atypical depression, whereby it is non-selectively inhibitory to both MAO-A and MAO-B activities. MAO inhibitors have been considered to function as antidepressants through MAO-A inhibition. We have previously reported that selegiline exerts antidepressant-like effects in the mouse forced swim test (FST) via dopamine D1 receptor activation.

Selegiline increases on time without exacerbation of dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats displaying l-Dopa-induced wearing-off and abnormal involuntary movements.

3,4-Dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (l-Dopa) remains the most effective drug for treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its long-term use is limited due to motor complications such as wearing-off and dyskinesia. A clinical study in PD patients with motor complications has demonstrated that selegiline, a monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor, is effective in reducing off time without worsening dyskinesia, although another study has shown worsening dyskinesia.

Endurance exercise induces REDD1 expression and transiently decreases mTORC1 signaling in rat skeletal muscle.

Working muscle conserves adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for muscle contraction by attenuating protein synthesis through several different pathways. Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) is one candidate protein that can itself attenuate muscle protein synthesis during muscle contraction. In this study, we investigated whether endurance exercise induces REDD1 expression in association with decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex I (mTORC1) signaling and global protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle.

Long-term remission of ocular and extraocular manifestations in Behçet's disease using infliximab.

Objectives: To investigate the long-term effect of infliximab on ocular and extraocular manifestations in patients with Behçet's disease.

Methods: Seven patients with active Behçet's disease and treated with infliximab at Aichi Medical University Hospital for more than 18 months were included in the study. We evaluated visual acuity, the average number of uveitis attacks involving the posterior segment, and general disease activity every 2 months.