Transporter Associated With Antigen Processing (TAP) 1 Gene Polymorphisms and Risks of Urothelial Cell Carcinoma Among the Japanese Population.

Urothelial cell carcinoma is one of the costliest types of cancer because of its recurrence, lengthy course of therapy, and tendency to lead to further complications. Gene polymorphisms are one of many factors that are thought to cause the carcinogenesis of urothelial cell carcinoma. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 1 gene and their relationship with the risks of urothelial cell carcinoma in the Japanese population were examined in this study by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for genotyping and statistical analysis.

The Relationship Between PD-1(rs2227981) and PD-L1(rs2890658) Polymorphisms and Urothelial Cell Carcinoma.

Background Urothelial cell carcinoma, which is believed to develop from the urothelium (transitional epithelium), is the most common aggressive tumor and accounts for the ten most prevalent cancers in the world. The risk factors for urothelial cell carcinoma are aging, smoking, gender, and genetic alternations. Programmed cell death1 (PD-1) has been widely described as a negative regulator of T-cells by sending inhibitory signals to the T-cell.

The Relationship Between CTLA-4 (-318 C/T) Polymorphism and Urothelial Cancer Carcinogenesis in Japanese Patients.

Background Urothelial cancer is one of the most common types of urinary system cancer and there are several factors that can influence its growth. One of the most prominent factors among these is genetics. The Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene is suspected to be a susceptibility gene in urothelial carcinoma.

Evaluation of sexual function after dutasteride treatment in patients with once-negative prostate biopsy and benign prostate hyperplasia.

Introduction: Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia are usually treated with 5α-reduced inhibitors (5ARIs) such as finasteride and dutasteride. However, studies on the influence of 5ARIs on sexual function have been controversial. In this study, we evaluated the impact of dutasteride treatment for erectile function in patients with once-negative prostate biopsy and benign prostate hyperplasia.

Reclassification prediction of first-year protocol biopsy on active surveillance of prostate cancer by p2PSA-related parameters: from PRIAS-JAPAN.

Background: There is no useful predictive marker for reclassification on active surveillance. Thus, we aimed to investigate thresholds of [-2] proPSA (p2PSA)-related parameters to predict reclassification of the first-year protocol biopsy (1-year PBx) and evaluate the influence of clinical decision-making.

Methods: This was an observational, prospective cohort study conducted at 19 Japanese institutes.