Biomarkers for a less invasive strategy to predict children with eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background: Noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are currently lacking. This study evaluates 20 biomarkers in serum and saliva, aiming to assess their diagnostic potential in pediatric EoE patients and healthy individuals.

Methods: Blood and saliva from children undergoing upper endoscopy were analyzed for biomarkers, including absolute eosinophil count (AEC), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), total and specific IgG-antibodies (sIgG), specific IgE-antibodies (sIgE) and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE).

Granzyme B is elevated in esophageal biopsies from children with eosinophilic esophagitis.

Objectives: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated antigen-triggered inflammatory disease of the esophagus. Our aim was to investigate inflammatory responses by an ex vivo biopsy provocation-based method, stimulating biopsies with milk, wheat, and egg extracts.

Methods: An experimental study was conducted on esophageal biopsies from children who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Swedish National Guidelines on Urothelial Carcinoma: 2021 update on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To overview the updated Swedish National Guidelines on Urothelial Carcinoma 2021, with emphasis on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: A narrative review of the updated version of the Swedish National Guidelines on Urothelial Carcinoma 2021 and highlighting new treatment recommendations, with comparison to the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines and current literature.

Results: For NMIBC the new EAU 2021 risk group stratification has been introduced for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer to predict risk of progression and the web-based application has been translated to Swedish (https://nmibc.

Food allergy and hypersensitivity reactions in children and adults-A review.

Adverse reactions after food intake are commonly reported and a cause of concern and anxiety that can lead to a very strict diet. The severity of the reaction can vary depending on the type of food and mechanism, and it is not always easy to disentangle different hypersensitivity diagnoses, which sometimes can exist simultaneously. After a carefully taken medical history, hypersensitivity to food can often be ruled out or suspected.

Long-term Follow-up for Missed Cases of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children With Previous Foreign Body in the Esophagus.

Objectives: A foreign body impacted in the esophagus could be a sign of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Our aim was to investigate if children previously diagnosed with a foreign body in the esophagus had a missed diagnosis of EoE.

Methods: In this population-based longitudinal study, all children (0-18 years) diagnosed with a foreign body in the esophagus in Stockholm, Sweden 2006 to 2016, were identified.