Patient Partner Perspectives: The Experience of Participating in a Co-Designed Virtual Reality Project.

Patient partners (PP) are well positioned to make meaningful contributions to healthcare through their lived experiences and personal narratives. However, researchers must ensure that patients are engaged authentically and collaboratively in knowledge generation. As part of a larger project, 4 PP were engaged in the co-design of a virtual reality video aimed at promoting an understanding of patients' lived experience with COVID-19 during the initial phase of the pandemic.

Applying Bradford Hill to assessing causality in systematic reviews: A transparent approach using process tracing.

Background: Bradford Hill (BH) viewpoints are widely used to assess causality in systematic reviews, but their application has often lacked reproducibility. We describe an approach for assessing causality within systematic reviews ('causal' reviews), illustrating its application to the topic of income inequality and health. Our approach draws on principles of process tracing, a method used for case study research, to harness BH viewpoints to judge evidence for causal claims.

Microfabrication Technologies for Nanoinvasive and High-Resolution Magnetic Neuromodulation.

The increasing demand for precise neuromodulation necessitates advancements in techniques to achieve higher spatial resolution. Magnetic stimulation, offering low signal attenuation and minimal tissue damage, plays a significant role in neuromodulation. Conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), though noninvasive, lacks the spatial resolution and neuron selectivity required for spatially precise neuromodulation.

What is the relationship between changes in the size of economies and mortality derived population health measures in high income countries: A causal systematic review.

Context: The economy has been long recognised as an important determinant of population health and a healthy population is considered important for economic prosperity.

Aim: To systematically review the evidence for a causal bidirectional relationship between aggregate economic activity (AEA) at national level for High Income Countries, and 1) population health (using mortality and life expectancy rates as indicators) and 2) inequalities in population health.

Methods: We undertook a systematic review of quantitative studies considering the relationship between AEA (GDP, GNI, GNP or recession) and population health (mortality or life expectancy) and inequalities for High Income Countries.