Identification of a xanthinuria type I case with mutations of xanthine dehydrogenase in an Afghan child.

Xanthinuria due to xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypouricemia and the accumulation of xanthine in the urine. We have identified an Afghan girl whose xanthinuria could be classified as type I xanthinuria based on an allopurinol loading test. Three mutations were identified in the XDH gene, 141insG, C2729T (T910M) and C3886T (R1296W).

Receptor use by vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes with glycoproteins of defective variants of measles virus isolated from brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

The vaccine or Vero cell-adapted strains of measles virus (MV) have been reported to use CD46 as a cell entry receptor, while lymphotropic MVs preferentially use the signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150). In contrast to the virus obtained from patients with acute measles, little is known about the receptor that is used by defective variants of MV isolated from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The receptor-binding properties of SSPE strains of MV were analysed using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes expressing the envelope glycoproteins of SSPE strains of MV.

SLAM (CD150)-independent measles virus entry as revealed by recombinant virus expressing green fluorescent protein.

Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) as a cellular receptor, while vaccine strains such as the Edmonston strain can use both SLAM and CD46 as receptors. Although the expression of SLAM is restricted to cells of the immune system (lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and monocytes), histopathological studies with humans and experimentally infected monkeys have shown that MV also infects SLAM-negative cells, including epithelial, endothelial, and neuronal cells. In an attempt to explain these findings, we produced the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing recombinant MV (IC323-EGFP) based on the wild-type IC-B strain.

The morbillivirus receptor SLAM (CD150).

Morbilliviruses are highly contagious pathogens that cause some of the most devastating viral diseases of humans and animals, including measles virus (MV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and rinderpest virus (RPV). They replicate mainly in lymphoid organs throughout the body and cause severe immunosuppression accompanied with lymphopenia. We have recently shown that human, canine, and bovine signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAMs; also known as CD150) act as cellular receptors for MV, CDV, and RPV, respectively.