Guardians of immunity: NK cell-mediated defense in COVID-19 and post-COVID scenarios.

The COVID-19 pandemic has left a lasting impact on global health, challenging communities, healthcare systems, and researchers worldwide. As we navigate this unprecedented crisis, this paper embarks on a multifaceted exploration of the pivotal role played by natural killer (NK) cells in the context of COVID-19. A significant portion of this paper is devoted to dissecting the nuanced role that NK cells assume in the context of COVID-19.

A concise review of flow cytometric methods for minimal residual disease assessment in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Minimal residual disease refers to a leukemia cell population that is resistant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and leads to disease relapse. The assessment of MRD is crucial for making an accurate prognosis of the disease and for the choice of optimal treatment strategy. Here, we review the advantages and disadvantages of the available genetic and phenotypic methods and focus on the multiparametric flow cytometry as a promising method with greater sensitivity, speed, and standardization options.

Conversion and Obsessive-Phobic Symptoms Predict IL-33 and IL-28A Levels in Individuals Diagnosed with COVID-19.

The first epidemiological wave of the incidence of COVID-19 in Bulgaria was registered in June 2020. After the wave peak, we conducted a study in persons diagnosed with COVID-19 (N = 52). They were assessed with the anxiety-depressive scale (ADS), including basic (BS), vegetative (VS), conversion (CS), obsessive-phobic (OPS), and depressive (DS) symptoms.

HIV-1 genetic diversity and demographic characteristics in Bulgaria.

HIV-1 strain diversity in Bulgaria is extensive and includes contributions from nearly all major subtypes and the Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRF): 01_AE, 02_AG, and 05_DF. Prior to this study, HIV-1 sequence information from Bulgaria has been based solely on the pro-RT gene, which represent less than 15% of the viral genome. To further characterize HIV-1 in Bulgaria, assess participant risk behaviors, and strengthen knowledge of circulating strains in the region, the study "Genetic Subtypes of HIV-1 in Bulgaria (RV240)" was conducted.

Detailed molecular epidemiologic characterization of HIV-1 infection in Bulgaria reveals broad diversity and evolving phylodynamics.

Limited information is available to describe the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Bulgaria. To better understand the genetic diversity and the epidemiologic dynamics of HIV-1 we analyzed 125 new polymerase (pol) sequences from Bulgarians diagnosed through 2009 and 77 pol sequences available from our previous study from persons infected prior to 2007. Epidemiologic and demographic information was obtained from each participant and phylogenetic analysis was used to infer HIV-1 evolutionary histories.