Anorectal Abscess in a Patient with Neutropenia and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: To Operate or not to Operate?

BACKGROUND Anorectal infections occur in 5% to 9% of patients with hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, and cause febrile neutropenia and sepsis. Surgical treatments of anorectal abscesses tend to be avoided in patients with leukemia owing to persistent neutropenia and bleeding risks. CASE REPORT A 56-year-old man presented with an ischiorectal abscess.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic profiles of benzo[a]pyrene and N-nitrosodimethylamine demonstrated using DNA repair deficient DT40 cells with metabolic activation.

Benzo[a]pyrene and N-nitrosodimethylamine are major genotoxic compounds present in cigarette smoke, food and oil. To examine the type(s) of DNA damage induced by these compounds, we used a panel of DNA-repair-pathway-deficient mutants generated from chicken DT40 cells and achieved metabolic activation of the test compounds by including rat liver S9 mix. Consistent with expections, benzo[a]pyrene and N-nitrosodimethylamine require metabolicactivation to become genotoxic.

Induction of aldo-keto reductases (AKR1C1 and AKR1C3) abolishes the efficacy of daunorubicin chemotherapy for leukemic U937 cells.

Continuous exposure to daunorubicin (DNR) confers resistance against the drug-elicited lethality of leukemic cells and then reduces the remission rate. However, the detailed mechanisms involved in resistance development of leukemic cells to DNR remain unclear. Upregulation of aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) in human leukemic U937 cells was evaluated by gene-specific PCR and western blot analyses, and the contribution of AKRs toward the DNR sensitivity was assessed using gene expression and RNA-interference techniques and specific inhibitors.

Distinctive flow pattern of wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index: similarity and dissimilarity in ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysm blebs.

Object: The difference in the hemodynamics of wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms is not well understood. The authors investigated the hemodynamic similarities and dissimilarities in ruptured and thin-walled unruptured aneurysm blebs.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging-based fluid dynamics analysis was used to calculate WSS and OSI, and hemodynamic and intraoperative findings were compared.

Symptomatic vasospasm in elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: comparison with nonelderly patients.

Objective: To clarify the influence of age on the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm (SVS), we retrospectively compared 34 elderly (over 70 years) and 71 nonelderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: Between 2008 and 2010, at our hospital 105 patients (Hunt and Kosnik grades I-IV) underwent aneurysm surgery within 72 h of the insult. They were divided into four groups based on their age (younger/older than 70 years) and treatment (aneurysmal clipping or coiling).