Micro-milling super-fine powdered activated carbon decreases adsorption capacity by introducing oxygen/hydrogen-containing functional groups on carbon surface from water.

Superfine powdered activated carbon (SPAC) of micron to submicron particle size is produced by micro-milling of conventionally sized powdered activated carbon. SPAC has attracted attention because of its high adsorption capacity; however, milling to the submicron particle size range lowers its adsorption capacity. Here, we found that this decrease of adsorption capacity was due to the introduction of oxygen/hydrogen-containing functional groups into the graphene structure of the carbon from water during the milling, causing it to become less hydrophobic.

Effects of decreasing activated carbon particle diameter from 30 μm to 140 nm on equilibrium adsorption capacity.

The capacity of activated carbon particles with median diameters (D50s) of >∼1 μm for adsorption of hydrophobic micropollutants such as 2-methylisolborneol (MIB) increases with decreasing particle size because the pollutants are adsorbed mostly on the exterior (shell) of the particles owing to the limited diffusion penetration depth. However, particles with D50s of <1 μm have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we prepared particles with D50s of ∼30 μm-∼140 nm and evaluated their adsorption capacities for MIB and several other environmentally relevant adsorbates.

Coping strategies and risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective Study.

Aims: Coping strategies may be significantly associated with health outcomes. This is the first study to investigate the association between baseline coping strategies and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality in a general population cohort.

Methods And Results: The Japan Public Health Center-based prospective Study asked questions on coping in its third follow-up survey (2000-04).

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with lung metastasis effectively treated by combination chemotherapy using S-1 and CDDP].

We report a case with gastric cancer and lung metastasis,who responded remarkably to combination chemotherapy using S-1 and weekly CDDP. A 59-year-old man was hospitalized for aphagia. Based on upper GI endoscopy and CT,type 3 gastric cancer associated with lung metastases was diagnosed.

The effect of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration or direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber on neutrophil respiratory oxidative burst in patients with sepsis and septic shock.

Neutrophil activates and injures tissues and organs during sepsis or septic shock. Blood purification therapies such as continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin-immobilized fiber (PMX-DHP) have been used for the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, however, the effects of such therapies on neutrophil activation have previously been poorly understood. We sought to evaluate neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially H2O2 production, in the pathophysiology of sepsis or septic shock and the effect of CVVH or PMX-DHP on neutrophil ROS.