Milk ladder: Who? When? How? Where? with the lowest risk of reaction.

The milk ladder (ML) approach, which is the gradual reintroduction of the milk allergen from the least allergenic forms to the most allergenic forms into the diet of the patients, has been utilized mostly in non-IgE-mediated but in some countries also in IgE-mediated-CMPA due to its possible benefits which include nutrition, quality of life and tolerance induction. Despite increasing interest, so far, there is no guideline on ML; thus, the use of this approach shows discrepancies among healthcare professionals as many factors such as dietary habits, patient history, test results, workload, and facilities of the hospitals, the anxiety of the parents/patients may affect the decision on how, when, where and whom to use ML. Here, we reviewed current data on implementing the ML, suggested a 4-step ML including receipts and amounts, and shared our experience on optimal patient selection, appropriate time and steps for initiating ML, and time intervals between the steps targeting the lowest risk of reaction.

Syrian refugees' experiences while receiving mental health services and psychiatric nursing care: A qualitative study.

Aim: This study examined the experiences of Syrian refugees in a community centre in Turkiye as they access mental health services and receive psychiatric nursing care.

Design: A qualitative design was adopted in the study.

Methods: Data were collected from southern Turkiye between November and December 2021.

CD4+CD25+CD127FOXP3+ cell in food allergy: Does it predict anaphylaxis?

Background: Food allergy (FA), hence the incidence of food anaphylaxis, is a public health problem that has increased in recent years. There are still no biomarkers for patients with FA to predict severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis.

Objective: There is limited information on whether regulatory T (Treg) cell levels are a biomarker that predicts clinical severity in cases presenting with FA, and which patients are at a greater risk for anaphylaxis.

Adverse drug reactions affecting treatment adherence in first-line treatment of asthma: An observational study.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease among children. International guidelines recommend inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as the first-line daily controller therapy for children with asthma and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) as the second alternative therapy. Adherence to treatment is the most significant component to optimize the benefits of therapy in asthma.

Food-induced anaphylaxis in early childhood and factors associated with its severity.

Several factors that increase the risk of severe food-induced anaphylaxis have been identified. We aimed to determine the demographic, etiologic, and clinical features of food-induced anaphylaxis in early childhood and also any other factors associated with severe anaphylaxis. We carried out a medical chart review of anaphylaxis cases from 16 pediatric allergy and immunology centers in Turkey.