Enhancing electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution engineering unsaturated electronic structures in MoS.

The search for efficient, earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has identified unsaturated molybdenum disulfide (MoS) as a leading candidate. This review synthesises recent advancements in the engineering of MoS to enhance its electrocatalytic properties. It focuses on strategies for designing an unsaturated electronic structure on metal catalytic centers and their role in boosting the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

The hepatic clock synergizes with HIF-1α to regulate nucleotide availability during liver damage repair.

Nucleotide availability is crucial for DNA replication and repair; however, the coordinating mechanisms in vivo remain unclear. Here, we show that the circadian clock in the liver controls the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to support de novo nucleotide biosynthesis for DNA synthesis demands. We demonstrate that disrupting the hepatic clock by genetic manipulation or mistimed feeding impairs PPP activity in male mice, leading to nucleotide imbalance.

Dissolution, solvation and diffusion in low-temperature zinc electrolyte design.

Aqueous zinc-based batteries have garnered the attention of the electrochemical energy storage community, but they suffer from electrolytes freezing and sluggish kinetics in cold environments. In this Review, we discuss the key parameters necessary for designing anti-freezing aqueous zinc electrolytes. We start with the fundamentals related to different zinc salts and their dissolution and solvation behaviours, by highlighting the effects of anions and additives on salt solubility, ion diffusion and freezing points.

Low-input redoxomics facilitates global identification of metabolic regulators of oxidative stress in the gut.

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in organ aging and related diseases, yet the endogenous regulators involved remain largely unknown. This work highlights the importance of metabolic homeostasis in protecting against oxidative stress in the large intestine. By developing a low-input and user-friendly pipeline for the simultaneous profiling of five distinct cysteine (Cys) states, including free SH, total Cys oxidation (Sto), sulfenic acid (SOH), S-nitrosylation (SNO), and S-glutathionylation (SSG), we shed light on Cys redox modification stoichiometries and signaling with regional resolution in the aging gut of monkeys.

Structural insights into hybridoma-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Omicron BA.5 and XBB.1.16 variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Unlabelled: The emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose an ongoing challenge for global public health services, highlighting the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major therapeutic strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral diseases. In this study, we employed hybridoma technology to generate mAbs that target the BA.