Case report: Radical robotic nephroureterectomy after chemotherapy followed by avelumab in a patient with node-positive UTUC.

Introduction: Platinum-based chemotherapy followed by the immune checkpoint inhibitor avelumab represents an intensified upfront therapy regimen that may result in significant downstaging and, subsequently, potentially radical robotic nephroureterectomy with a lymph node dissection, an uncommon approach with an unexpectedly favorable outcome.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 70-year-old female presented with a sizeable cN2+ tumor of the left renal pelvis and achieved deep partial radiologic response after systemic therapy with four cycles of gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance therapy and subsequent robotic resection of the tumor. The patient continued with adjuvant nivolumab therapy once recovered after surgery and remained tumor-free on the subsequent follow-up.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer monitoring by cell-free circulating biomarkers.

Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer-related deaths in Western countries, which is predominantly attributed to the metastatic castration-resistant stage of the disease (CRPC). There is an urgent need for better prognostic and predictive biomarkers, particularly for androgen receptor targeted agents and taxanes.

Methods: We have searched the PubMed database for original articles and meta-analyses providing information on blood-based markers for castration-resistant prostate cancer monitoring, risk group stratification and prediction of therapy response.

Lu-PSMA-617 versus a change of androgen receptor pathway inhibitor therapy for taxane-naive patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PSMAfore): a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial.

Background: [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (Lu-PSMA-617) prolongs radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) and taxane therapy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of Lu-PSMA-617 in patients with taxane-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomised, controlled trial conducted at 74 sites across Europe and North America, taxane-naive patients with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had progressed once on a previous ARPI were randomly allocated (1:1) to open-label, intravenous Lu-PSMA-617 at a dosage of 7·4 GBq (200 mCi) ± 10% once every 6 weeks for six cycles, or a change of ARPI (to abiraterone or enzalutamide, administered orally on a continuous basis per product labelling).

Neopterin as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction: Immunotherapy represents a significant and essential component of renal carcinoma therapy (RCC), but the selection of an optimal regimen for an individual patient remains unclear. Despite significant improvements in therapeutic options for RCC, predictive biomarkers for immunotherapeutic agents remain elusive. Neopterin is a biomarker of cell-mediated immune response, with concentrations increased in different disorders, including cancer.

Ewing's sarcoma of the urinary bladder - the urologic and pathologic differential diagnosis and current therapeutic options.

Background: Bladder cancer is 11th most common cancer worldwide. Histologically, most of the tumors are classified as urothelial carcinomas. Less common variants (squamous cell or adenocarcinomas) usually comprise up to 10% of cases.