Morbidity among Adolescent Hypnotic Drug Users in Norway: An Observational Population-Based Study.

We have previously shown that the use of hypnotic drugs increased among young Scandinavians during 2012-2018. This study aimed to explore psychiatric and somatic morbidity among adolescent hypnotic drug users in a cohort study of 13-17-year-old individuals during 2008-2018 in Norway. Data sources were (i) prescription data from the Norwegian Prescription Database linked to specialist health care diagnoses from the Norwegian Patient Registry and (ii) sleep disorder diagnoses from the Primary Health Care Database.

[Not Available].

Background: Severe vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is rare, but international reports show that up to 26 % of the general population may have subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency has not been investigated in Norway. Since 2017, treatment with vitamin B12 tablets has represented an alternative to traditional treatment with intramuscular injections in Norway.

Adenosine A receptors are necessary for protection of the murine heart by remote, delayed adaptation to ischaemia.

Aims: Adenosine is involved in classic pre-conditioning (PC) in most species, acting through especially adenosine A1 and A3 receptors. We studied whether the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) was important for remote, delayed adaptation to ischaemia using a mouse with targeted deletion of the A1R gene.

Methods: Remote, delayed adaptation was evoked by brain ischaemia (BIPC) through bilateral ligation of the internal carotid arteries.

Preconditioning - endogenous defence mechanisms of the heart.

The term 'preconditioning' refers to the paradoxical phenomenon that pretreatment with a potential noxious stress-stimulus can increase cellular tolerance to subsequent noxious stress-stimuli. This was first described in an experimental model in dogs in which short-lasting periods of myocardial ischemia resulted in reduced infarction during a subsequent long-lasting coronary artery occlusion. Similar observations have also been made in other species and in other organs.

[Is infection a pathogenetic factor in coronary heart disease?].

Background: Several wellknown risk-factors can contribute to the development of coronary artery disease. A relatively new question is whether infection is also involved in the pathogenesis. Acute and/or chronic infections might affect initiation, progression and instability in coronary artery disease, as well as enhance development of restenosis and transplant atherosclerosis.