Navigating the Dynamic Nature of Mitral Regurgitation With the Use of Multimodality Imaging in a Young Woman.

The mechanism and severity of mitral valve (MV) regurgitation (MR) play a critical role in guiding treatment decisions. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary diagnostic modality for evaluating MV disease. Discordant findings on TTE can be further quantified through transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).

Dual left anterior descending artery: A case report.

Dual left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery is a rare anatomical variant with significant clinical implications. Recognizing this variant is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management, particularly in the context of revascularization strategies. We present a 71-year-old male with a history of dyspnea on exertion with baseline wall motion abnormality on a transthoracic stress echocardiography irreversible after exercise.

Pulse Pressure: A Predictor of Intervention in Blunt Abdominal Trauma.

Background: Patients with life-threatening hemorrhages due to blunt torso trauma are at a particularly high risk of being underdiagnosed. The pulse pressure (PP) starts narrowing down before the traditional parameters start changing, making it a useful tool for assessing and planning early intervention.

Objective: To assess the utility of low PP in predicting massive transfusion (MT) or operative intervention in patients with isolated blunt abdominal trauma.

Challenges of managing hypertension in Pakistan - a review.

Background: This review aims to describe existing evidence on the state of hypertension in Pakistan, including the prevalence, associated risk factors, preventive strategies, and challenges in the management of hypertension.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted electronically using PubMed and Google Scholar. Using specific screening methodology, 55 articles were selected to be included.