Revisiting the J-Shape: Human Development and Fertility in the United States.

Economic and social development are closely linked with fertility. Several studies have shown that the relationship follows an inverse J-shape: the association is negative at low and intermediate levels of development and reverses to become positive at high development levels. However, more recent research building on subnational and U.

Three-dimensional digital imaging analysis of the palatal bone thickness for orthodontic mini-implant insertion - determination of the safe zone and angulation.

Background: In order to successfully perform orthodontic mini-implant procedures successfully for the subsequent anchoring of orthodontic appliances, it is crucial to know the palatal bone thickness. This is usually assessed using two-dimensional radiographs. The purpose of this study was to use a three-dimensional digital imaging measurement method to provide information on palatal bone volume and bone thickness and to make recommendations on the optimal and safe insertion site and angle for palatal mini-implants.

Terphenyl-Ge as μ-Ge-bis(hexahapto-Trip) Bridging Ligand to Form a New Transition Metal-Only Chelating Lewis Base.

Terphenylgermanium Ar*Ge [Ar*=CH(2,6-Trip), Trip=2,4,6-CHiPr] was found to act as a novel μ-Ge-bis(hexahapto-Trip) bridging ligand. Deprotonated terphenyl germanium trihydride [Li(thf)][Ar*GeH] (1) undergoes reductive elimination and transfer of hydrogen in reaction with dimeric [(COD)RhCl] to yield the dinuclear complex [Ar*GeRh(COE)RhCl(COD)] (2). Subsequent chloride abstraction from compound 2 using Na[BAr ] or Li[Al(OBu)] results in the cationic complexes [Ar*GeRh(COE)Rh(COD)][WCA] (3) {WCA: [BAr ] (Ar=CH-3,5-(CF)), [Al(OBu)]}.

Formally Zerovalent Bis(arene) Germylene Complexes of Zirconium and Hafnium.

Tetrachlorides of zirconium and hafnium form adducts (2, 3) with an intramolecular germylene phosphine Lewis pair. Two electron reduction treating the adducts with [NacnacMg] gives the low-valent metal complexes (4, 5) featuring η-Trip coordination at the Zr(II) and Hf(II) metal atom. Reduction of the M(II)-complexes gives the zerovalent metal complexes of zirconium (6) and hafnium (7), which have been structurally characterized.