A proposed model for postgraduate entrance evaluation amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entrance evaluation for postgraduate studies (PGS) in various medical specialties. The PGS in otorhinolaryngology (ORL) continue to be relevant amidst the pandemic, with more than 150 applicants this year. We share here our recent experiences in managing ORL entrance examinations during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A review of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.

Introduction: Multiple anecdotal reports suggest that smell and taste loss were early subclinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients. The objective of this review was to identify the incidence of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19, determine the onset of their symptoms and the risk factors of anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia or dysgeusia for COVID-19 infection.

Methods: We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar on 15th May 2020, with search terms including SARS-COV-2, coronavirus, COVID-19, hyposmia, anosmia, ageusia and dysgeusia.

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children with otitis media with effusion.

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children with persistent otitis media with effusion in different countries varies between 82% to 93%. Many risk factors of otitis media with effusion has been studied and proven. However, its association with allergic rhinitis remains controversial.

Nasal Angiomyolipoma (AML) Mimicking Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma.

Introduction: Angiomyolipoma (AML), a benign mesenchymal tumor that commonly arises from the kidney, may be associated with tuberous sclerosis complex and perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas). Nasal angiomyolipoma is very rare and usually occurs in elderly individuals with epistaxis and nasal obstruction.

Case Report: We report a rare case of nasal angiomyolipoma in a young male.

Five cases of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea: Early management is crucial.

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a standard treatment for rhinosinusitis, which failed optimum medical therapy. Iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea can occur during ESS warrants early repair of the leakage. The common sites for CSF leakage are cribriform plate, fovea ethmoidalis, and anterior ethmoid sinuses.