The Impact of Homemade Laparoscopic Box Trainers on Medical Student Surgical Skills: A Randomized Control Pilot Study.

While instructional videos are commonly used in surgical education, there is a paucity of data on home laparoscopic box trainers. This pilot study evaluated impacts of augmenting instructional videos with these devices. This was a randomized controlled pilot study evaluating laparoscopic surgical performance on the LapSim virtual surgical simulator before and after a 2 week curriculum of instructional videos alone (n = 8, 47.

Age-Dependent Effects of Immunoproteasome Deficiency on Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Pathogenesis.

Acute respiratory infection with mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) induces activity of the immunoproteasome, an inducible form of the proteasome that shapes CD8 T cell responses by enhancing peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. We used mice deficient in all three immunoproteasome subunits (triple-knockout [TKO] mice) to determine whether immunoproteasome activity is essential for control of MAV-1 replication or inflammatory responses to acute infection. Complete immunoproteasome deficiency in adult TKO mice had no effect on MAV-1 replication, virus-induced lung inflammation, or adaptive immunity compared to C57BL/6 (B6) controls.

Contributions of CD8 T cells to the pathogenesis of mouse adenovirus type 1 respiratory infection.

CD8 T cells are key components of the immune response to viruses, but their roles in the pathogenesis of adenovirus respiratory infection have not been characterized. We used mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) to define CD8 T cell contributions to the pathogenesis of adenovirus respiratory infection. CD8 T cell deficiency in β2m mice had no effect on peak viral replication in lungs, but clearance of virus was delayed in β2m mice.

Drug-induced hypoglycemia. A review of 1418 cases.

The present review catalogues 1418 reported cases of drug-induced hypoglycemia. The main findings are that sulfonylureas (especially chlorpropamide and glyburide), either alone or with a second hypoglycemic or potentiating agent, still account for 63% of all cases; that alcohol, propranolol, and salicylate, either singly or with another hypoglycemic drug, are the next most frequent offenders (19% of the total); and that one older drug (quinine) and three new ones (pentamidine, ritodrine, and disopyramide) have caused an additional 7% of all episodes of severe hypoglycemia. The clinical factors that set the stage for drug-induced hypoglycemia are still restricted food intake, age, hepatic disease, and renal disease, both individually and even more so in combination.

Intracranial and paranasal sinus infection due to Drechslera.

Drechslera, a common soil fungus, has rarely been reported as a human pathogen. We have reported a case of Drechslera paranasal sinus and intracranial infection successfully treated with surgical resection, amphotericin B, and ketoconazole.