Quality Improvement: Lessons from the English National Health Services.

Based on our own experiences leading healthcare improvement in the English National Health Service (NHS), we identify seven themes that connect with the story of front-line ownership (FLO): Create investors not buyers of change - "buy-in" is too late in the change process; We need to combine both technical and cultural aspects of change - go slow to go fast and make sure that we pay attention to the human dimensions of change; Build strong ties AND weak ties - reach out to your usual suspects AND find your unusual suspects and unlikely allies; If we want innovation, we need to create psychological safety - the conditions of trust and support that make people feel safe to try new things that might fail; Build energy for change for the long haul, right from the start of your change efforts - go beyond the typical "intellectual" energy and build "social" and "spiritual" energy that create strong foundations for change; Challenge "the myth of the disinterested" - everyone is passionate about something; The leader as coach and team member - be the leadership role model that enables change.

Sustaining organizational culture change in health systems.

Purpose: The questions addressed by this review are: first, what are the guiding principles underlying efforts to stimulate sustained cultural change; second, what are the mechanisms by which these principles operate; and, finally, what are the contextual factors that influence the likelihood of these principles being effective? The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a literature review informed by rapid realist review methodology that examined how interventions interact with contexts and mechanisms to influence the sustainability of cultural change. Reference and expert panelists assisted in refining the research questions, systematically searching published and grey literature, and helping to identify interactions between interventions, mechanisms and contexts.

Regulation of alternative VEGF-A mRNA splicing is a therapeutic target for analgesia.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is best known as a key regulator of the formation of new blood vessels. Neutralization of VEGF-A with anti-VEGF therapy e.g.