An Overview of Recent Development in Carbon-Based Sensors for Neurotransmitter Detection.

The electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters is an imperative application in the field of analytical chemistry. The recent development in the electrochemical sensors based on carbon electrodes is very important due to their sensitivity and simplicity. Using the carbon-based sensor for the electrochemical analysis of the neurotransmitters is a simple method.

β-carotene at physiologically attainable concentration induces apoptosis and down-regulates cell survival and antioxidant markers in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.

Although β-carotene is known for its anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant properties, a few recent epidemiological and experimental evidence show that at higher concentration it acts as pro-oxidant and induces cancer. Since the global burden of breast cancer exceeds all other types of cancer, and its incidence rates is also in increasing trend, the present study attempted to evaluate the anti-cancer molecular mechanism of β-carotene (at 1 µM concentration) isolated from Spinacia oleracea in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The carotenoid was purified by open column chromatography and identified by LC-MS.