(Poly)phenols and nitrolipids: Relevant participants in nitric oxide metabolism.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential molecule able to control and regulate many biological functions. Additionally, NO bears a potential toxicity or damaging effects under conditions of uncontrolled production, and because of its participation in redox-sensitive pathways and oxidizing reactions. Several plant (poly)phenols present in the diet are able to regulate the enzymes producing NO (NOSs).

HPLC-MS/MS Oxylipin Analysis of Plasma from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients.

Oxylipins play a critical role in regulating the onset and resolution phase of inflammation. Despite inflammation is a pathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the plasma oxylipin profile of ALS patients has not been assessed yet. Herein, we develop an oxylipin profile-targeted analysis of plasma from 74 ALS patients and controls.

Administration of Maresin-1 ameliorates the physiopathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background: Resolution of inflammation is an active and regulated process that leads to the clearance of cell debris and immune cells from the challenged tissue, facilitating the recovery of homeostasis. This physiological response is coordinated by endogenous bioactive lipids known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). When resolution fails, inflammation becomes uncontrolled leading chronic inflammation and tissue damage, as occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Olive oil-derived nitro-fatty acids: protection of mitochondrial function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive liver fat deposition in the absence of significant alcohol intake. Since extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) reduces fat accumulation, we analyzed the involvement of nitro-fatty acids (NO-FA) on the beneficial effects of EVOO consumption on NAFLD. Nitro-fatty acids formation was observed during digestion in mice supplemented with EVOO and nitrite.

Regulation of arachidonic acid oxidation and metabolism by lipid electrophiles.

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidized products such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and isoprostanes. These products may exert signaling or damaging roles during physiological and pathological conditions, some of them being markers of oxidative stress linked to inflammation. Recent data support the concept that cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) followed by cytosolic and microsomal dehydrogenases can convert AA to lipid-derived electrophiles (LDE).