PKA and CaMKII mediate PI3K activation in bovine sperm by inhibition of the PKC/PP1 cascade.

To enable fertilization, spermatozoa must undergo several biochemical processes in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. These processes involve protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). It is not known how PKA, a serine/threonine (S/T) kinase, mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins.

Radio station acceptance of AIDS-related advertising messages.

Survey responses were received from the managers of 630 radio stations, who reported which type of AIDS-related commercials or public service announcements they are willing to accept for broadcast. The authors examine whether the public interest can outweigh fear of offending audience segments and discuss ways health education planners can increase acceptance of AIDS-related commercials. For planning a public health campaign, both the number and types of stations that will accept various public health messages are important if the messages are to reach high risk demographic groups.