Diet and health inequalities: Connecting with vulnerable groups to address food insecurity-the DIO food project.

The current cost-of-living crisis is disproportionately affecting families experiencing poverty and is likely to be amplifying existing dietary inequalities and challenges, such as food insecurity (FI). Government policies designed to address diet inequality in the UK have historically had minimal impact on population diet and health and may have even widened existing inequalities. Therefore, the effect of nutrition policies on those experiencing FI in the context of the current cost-of-living crisis needs to be better understood.

Effect of liver enzymes on the mutagenicity of nitroheterocyclic compounds: activation of 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 1,2-benzisoxazole and deactivation of nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles in the Ames test.

The effect of liver enzymes (S9) on the mutagenic response of nitroimidazoles and nitrofurans in the Ames test was evaluated with strain TA100. A diminished response was observed with a 5-nitroimidazole and 5-nitrofurans when the S9 preparation was incorporated in the agar layer. Preincubation with S9 under anaerobic conditions prior to adding the bacteria resulted in a greater and sometimes complete loss of the mutagenic effect.

Identification of in vitro (rat liver postmitochondrial S9 fraction) metabolites of the antiprotozoal agent 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole .

Twelve in vitro oxygenated metabolites of 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole (MK-0436) were produced by incubation of this antiprotozoal agent with the postmitochondrial supernatant (S9) fraction isolated from the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital. Metabolite structure elucidation was achieved using NMR and mass spectrometry. Seven monohydroxy and two dihydroxy metabolites were fully characterized; two other metabolites were partially characterized as dihydroxy derivatives of the drug.

Urinary metabolites of 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole in the dog.

The antiprotozoal drug 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole (I), which exhibits activity against trypanosomiasis, is also antibacterial in vivo. Since the urine from a dog dosed with I showed a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity than I itself, metabolites from this urine were isolated and partially characterized. The metabolites were mono- and dihydroxy-substituted species with the hydroxyl groups on carbons 4--7 of the hexahydrobenzisoxazole ring.