Enrichment of regulatory T cells in invasive breast tumor correlates with the upregulation of IL-17A expression and invasiveness of the tumor.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of neoplasia-associated death in women worldwide. Regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells are enriched within some tumors, but the role these cells play in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast is unknown. We show that CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells from PBMCs and tumor express high levels of Foxp3, GITR, CTLA-4, and CD103, indicating that tumor-infiltrating Treg cells are functional and possibly recruited by CCL22.

Expression of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in locally advanced breast cancer patients.

Background: Locally advanced breast cancers are more prevalent in underdeveloped countries. Targeted therapy has been improved to identify hallmarks that are specific to these subtypes of tumors.

Objectives: We aimed to prospectively assess the expression of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α and vascular endothelial growth factor-C in locally advanced breast cancer patients.

CD44+/CD24- cells and lymph node metastasis in stage I and II invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

The presence of tumor-initiating cells (CD44(+)/CD24(-)) in solid tumors has been reported as a possible cause of cancer metastasis and treatment failure. Nevertheless, little is know about the presence of CD44(+)/CD24(-) cells within the primary tumor and metastasis. The proportion of CD44(+)/CD24(-) cells was analyzed in 40 samples and in 10 lymph node metastases using flow cytometry phenotyping.

Safety and efficacy of gemcitabine plus cisplatin combination in pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients.

Metastatic breast cancers (MBC) previously treated with anthracyclines (A) and taxanes (T) have a complicated management. Gemcitabine (G)-cisplatin (C) combinations have been used as synergistic salvage therapy in MBC and are considered as another option for patients with important symptoms and aggressive visceral disease. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of GC in AT-pretreated MBC, as well as overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP).