Desalting of oligonucleotides through precipitation for mass spectrometric analysis.

Contamination of sodium ions in oligonucleotides often causes issues in mass spectrometric analysis. This study investigated the efficiency of the combination of ammonium acetate and alcohol in desalting oligonucleotides. It was found that oligonucleotide samples containing up to 4 M NaCl can be effectively desalted through precipitation with ethanol or isopropanol in the presence of 1 or 5 M ammonium acetate.

Gender, Marital, and Parental Barriers to Pursuing Gastroenterology Fellowship: A Multicenter Analysis of a National Survey and Actionable Solutions.

Introduction: Female gastroenterologists comprise 19% of the gastroenterology (GI) workforce, despite females making up 30% of GI fellows and over 50% of medical students in the USA. Barriers to pursuing GI fellowship have not been studied at the resident level. We aimed to determine multiple barriers that may prevent internal medicine (IM) residents from pursuing GI fellowship.

Frequency of comorbid diseases with high serum Vitamin B12 levels in patients attending King Salman Medical City (KSAMC), at Madinah.

Objectives: Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin or Cbl) plays a crucial role in normal human growth and development, as well as in neurological, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Previous studies reported association of high levels of cobalamin with solid cancers, hematological disorders, and liver diseases. Reporting the frequency of comorbid diseases with high serum Vitamin B12 level in patients attending KSAMC at Madinah.

Frequency of Gallbladder Carcinoma in Patients Operated for Symptomatic Cholelithiasis.

Background Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy, often discovered incidentally during cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Despite significant geographic variation, the association between gallstones and GBC is well-documented, with chronic inflammation from gallstones potentially contributing to carcinogenesis. Objective This study aims to determine the prevalence of incidental GBC in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Salinity stress mitigation in wheat through synergistic application of ascorbic acid, nanoparticles and Salvadora oleoides extract.

Salinity stress adversely affects wheat growth and productivity, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study investigates the combined impact of ascorbic acid (AsA), silver nanoparticles (NPs), and Salvadora oleoides aqueous leaf extract (LE) on wheat tolerance to salinity stress. A randomized complete design (RCD) was employed with fourteen treatments: T1 (5 mM AsA), T2 (10 mM AsA), T3 (20 ppm AgNPs), T4 (40 ppm AgNPs), T5 (5% S.