A low pathogenic avian influenza A/Mallard/South Korea/KNU2019-34/2019 (H1N1) virus has the potential to increase the mammalian pathogenicity.

Influenza, a highly contagious respiratory infectious disease caused by an influenza virus, is a threat to public health worldwide. Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause the next pandemic by crossing the species barrier through mutation of viral genome. Here, we investigated the pathogenicity of AIVs obtained from South Korea and Mongolia during 2018-2019 by measuring viral titers in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs of mouse models.

Novel S2 subunit-specific antibody with broad neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), had a major impact on both the global health and economy. Numerous virus-neutralizing antibodies were developed against the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to block viral binding to host cells and were authorized for control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, frequent mutations in the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 enabled the emergence of immune evasive variants.

Development of nucleocapsid-specific monoclonal antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 and their ELISA diagnostics on an automatic microfluidic device.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has threatened public health globally, and the emergence of viral variants has exacerbated an already precarious situation. To prevent further spread of the virus and determine government action required for virus control, accurate and rapid immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis are urgently needed. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP), compared their reactivity using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and selected four mAbs designated 1G6, 3E10, 3F10, and 5B6 which have higher reactivity to NP and viral lysates of SARS-CoV-2 than other mAbs.

African Swine Fever Virus EP364R and C129R Target Cyclic GMP-AMP To Inhibit the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly pathogenic swine DNA virus with high mortality that causes African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs and wild boars. For efficient viral infection, ASFV has developed complex strategies to evade key components of antiviral innate immune responses. However, the immune escape mechanism of ASFV remains unclear.