[Urologic errors in surgical procedures].

Background: In the examinations of the appraisal commission of Northern Rhine the third most frequent urologic errors are ascertained after surgical procedures. In order to prevent them, it is adequate to evaluate their causes.

Material And Methods: Urologic claims were examined that came before the appraisal commission for treatment errors of the Northern Rhine Physicians' Authority between 1975 and 2005.

[Limits of physician duties from the standpoint of a physician].

The occupational regulations in medicine list four professional duties. Their recognisable limits are not rigid, and in certain situations can (or even must) be crossed in both directions. The main demand concerns the carefulness (accuracy) of the doctor in practising his profession.

Perioperative treatment with filgrastim stimulates granulocyte function and reduces infectious complications after esophagectomy.

We investigated the effects of recombinant G-CSF (Filgrastim) on the function of neutrophils and the rate of infectious complications in an open-label, nonrandomized study of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy. In this single-center phase-II trial 20 sequential patients (19 evaluable) received Filgrastim at standard doses (300 microg or 480 microg) subcutaneously for 2 days prior to and up to 7 days after surgery. The phagocytotic activity of neutrophils and the oxidative burst in the study group and in an experimental control group (n=27) were measured on days -2, 2, and 10.