The effect of tumor downsizing on surgical complexity during nephrectomy after immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Immune Checkpoints Inhibitors (ICI) have changed the therapeutic landscape of metastatic renal cell carcinoma first-line treatment with complete response (CR) at metastatic sites observed in 10 to 15% of cases. Delayed nephrectomy could be discussed for patients having a clinical benefit from immunotherapy-based treatment. However, it is unclear whether prior immunotherapy exposure adversely influences the complexity of surgery.

Construction of an Index System of the Biosafety Incident Response Capability for Nursing Staff: A Delphi Study.

Aim: This study was to establish a scientific and sensitive index system of the biosafety incident response competence for clinical nursing staff to provide a reference for the evaluation of nurses' biosafety incident response competence.

Design: A modified recommendation for the conducting and reporting of Delphi studies was used to guide this study.

Methods: According to the literature review, preliminary biosafety incident response competence indicators for nursing staff were established, and an expert survey questionnaire was designed.

Antibiotic susceptibility situation of environmental isolates in Southern Germany.

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem in hospitals and long-term healthcare facilities. Early detection of susceptibility pattern changes in pathogenic bacteria can prevent treatment failures. Therefore, this study chose to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility situation of isolates from hospitals and long-term healthcare facilities in Southern Germany.

[Virtual reality in liver surgery-Planning, advanced training, testing].

Anatomical structures of the liver could be reconstructed three dimensionally from preoperative cross-sectional imaging for over 20 years. This three-dimensional (3D) representation not only optimizes the preoperative planning options but also the communication of specific operation-relevant structures can be improved using 3D models. In addition to a plastic and interactive visualization of 3D organ models, the disruptive technology of virtual reality (VR) can also provide a possibility for structured training and further education regarding surgical anatomy of the liver and operation planning.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass alleviates kidney inflammation and improves kidney function in db/db mice by activating TLCA/TGR5 pathway.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe diabetic microvascular complication featured by chronic low-grade inflammation. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery has gained importance as a safe and effective surgery to treat DKD. Bile acids are significantly changed after RYGB, which brings a series of metabolic benefits, but the relationship with the improvement of DKD is unclear.