Early Postoperative Kidney Transplant Complications Related to Immunomodulator Regimen in Pediatric Recipients.

Objectives: Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus) are widely used in kidney transplant to prevent acute transplantrejection; however,the effects of these medications on graft sequelae after transplant remain unclear. We aimed to compare early complications, including graftrejectionandinfectionrates after kidney transplant, in childrenbetween the cyclosporine and tacrolimus immunomodulator regimens.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 105 pediatric patients who were candidates to receive kidney transplant in the age range of 4 to 18 years were included.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and the progression rate of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in Iranian children.

Aim: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most common forms of glomerulonephritis leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A few clinical and paraclinical factors are considered as contributing factors in progression rate. However, there are controversial reports on the relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and rapidity of progression of FSGS to ESRD in different populations.

Kidney transplantation before or after augmentation cystoplasty in children with high-pressure neurogenic bladder.

Objective: To compare the outcome and complications of augmentation cystoplasty before or after renal transplantation in children with neurogenic bladders, with those after kidney transplantation in children with normal bladders.

Patients And Methods: Augmentation cystoplasty preceded transplantation in 21 children (group 1) and after transplantation in 23 (group 2) operated from 1985 to 2006; these two groups were compared with a control group of 45 children with a normal bladder (group 3) who also received a transplant, for kidney function, episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical and medical complications.

Results: The mean age of the three groups was 12.

Laparoscopic v open donor nephrectomy for pediatric kidney recipients: preliminary report of a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Purpose: Laparoscopic surgery is widely accepted for nephrectomy in adult renal transplantation. The success of this technique has not been compared with open donor nephrectomy (ODN) in children.

Patients And Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 40 adult kidney donors were randomly divided into two groups: 20 cases of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) and 20 of ODN.

Does pre-transplantation antireflux surgery eliminate post-renal transplantation pyelonephritis in children?

Purpose: Antireflux surgery for VUR before renal transplantation decreases the risk of post-kidney transplant UTI in pediatric patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux. We studied the risk of post-kidney transplant UTI in patients with or without surgical correction of VUR before transplantation compared to patients without VUR.

Materials And Methods: We compared 12 patients who had VUR corrected before transplantation (group 1) to 17 patients with VUR who did not undergo antireflux surgery before transplantation (group 2) and 36 patients undergoing renal transplantation without VUR (group 3).