Anaesthetic considerations in posterior instrumentation of scoliosis due to spinal muscular atrophy: Case series of 56 operated patients.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare illness that often leads to severe kyphoscoliosis. This case series adds to the heretofore sparse information as regards the anaesthetic management of SMA scoliosis patients.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the charts of 79 SMA patients (type II n = 34 and type III n = 45) presenting for possible scoliosis surgery during the time period 2007-2019.

Obese people benefit from lumbar spinal stenosis surgery as much as people of normal weight.

Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative condition of the spine that causes back pain radiating to the lower extremity. Surgical treatment is indicated to treat progressive radical symptoms. Obesity has been associated with inferior results in the domains of quality of life (QoL) following an LSS operation, but the research findings have been limited.

Chronic hypoxia during development does not trigger pathologic remodeling of the chicken embryonic heart but reduces cardiomyocyte number.

Fetal growth restriction programs an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, but the actual mechanisms of this developmental programming are not fully understood. Previous studies in mammalian models suggest that hearts of growth-restricted fetuses have reduced cardiomyocyte number due to reduced proliferation and premature cardiomyocyte maturation. Chicken embryos incubated under chronic hypoxia are also growth-restricted, have smaller hearts, and show signs of cardiac insufficiency posthatching.

[Update on Current Care Guideline: Low back pain].

Classification to severe diseases, sciatic symptoms or non-specific back pain is recommended. Radiography in acute or subacute non-specific back pain is not recommended in the primary health care. In specialized care magnetic resonance imaging is the main imaging modality.

Thyroid hormone does not induce maturation of embryonic chicken cardiomyocytes in vitro.

Fetal cardiac growth in mammalian models occurs primarily by cell proliferation (hyperplasia). However, most cardiomyocytes lose the ability to proliferate close to term and heart growth continues by increasing cell size (hypertrophy). In mammals, the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) is an important driver of this process.