Exhaled breath analysis: A promising triage test for tuberculosis in young children.

The diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis is difficult, especially in young infants who cannot expectorate sputum spontaneously. Breath testing has shown promise in diagnosing respiratory tract infections, but data on paediatric tuberculosis are limited. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study in Kenya in children younger than five years with symptoms of tuberculosis.

Sensitivity and specificity of an electronic nose in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with suspected tuberculosis.

Objective: To investigate the potency of a hand-held point-of-care electronic-nose to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among those suspected of PTB.

Methods: Setting: Lung clinics and Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Fetal movements during late gestation in the pig: a longitudinal ultrasonographic study.

Repeated ultrasonographic observation of fetal movements was used to distinguish movement patterns and to investigate the rate of occurrence and temporal organisation of these patterns (rest-activity cycles) during the last three weeks of gestation in the pig. By means of transabdominal ultrasonography with a 3.5MHz linear array transducer, motility in ten different fetuses (one per sow) was studied.

Lack of effect of shorter turnaround time of microbiological procedures on clinical outcomes: a randomised controlled trial among hospitalised patients in the Netherlands.

Shortening the turnaround time of microbiological procedures was associated with an improved clinical outcome in two studies performed in the USA. To study the clinical impact of a shortened turnaround time in a northwest European setting in which an automated system was used for bacterial identification and susceptibility testing, a single-blind, prospective, randomised controlled trial was conducted in a hospital in the Netherlands. All hospitalised patients with a bacterial infection confirmed by culture were randomly assigned to a control (conventional) group or an intervention (rapid) group.

Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of specific phobias: Four single-case studies on dental phobia.

A series of single-case experiments was used to evaluate the application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to traumatically induced dental phobia. Following two to three sessions of EMDR treatment, three of the four patients demonstrated substantially reduced self-reported and observer-rated anxiety, reduced credibility of dysfunctional beliefs concerning dental treatment, and significant behavior changes. These gains were maintained at six weeks follow-up.