Differentiating non-epileptic seizures from epileptic seizures in Glut1 deficiency syndrome.

Aim: To investigate the clinical characteristics of non-epileptic seizures due to transient brain dysfunction caused by energy deficiency after prolonged fasting or exercise in individuals with glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), and then elucidate further the seizure features to distinguish non-epileptic seizures from epileptic seizures.

Method: This retrospective case-control study included 57 non-epileptic seizures and 23 epileptic seizures (control group) in 14 individuals (11 males, three females; aged 5-44 years, median = 20 years) with Glut1DS, all with a heterozygous pathogenic SLC2A1 mutation.

Results: Non-epileptic seizures were classified as paroxysmal altered consciousness (n = 8), movement disorders (n = 35) (eye-head movements, ataxia, spasticity, weakness, involuntary movement), dysaesthesia (n = 8), and vomiting (n = 6) at the peak ages at onset of 5 to 10 years.

A reappraisal of interictal EEG characteristics in self-limited epilepsy with autonomic seizures, formerly known as Panayiotopoulos syndrome or early-onset benign occipital epilepsy.

Purpose: In the 2022 New International Classification of Epilepsy Syndromes, self-limited epilepsy with autonomic seizures (SeLEAS), formerly known as Panayiotopoulos syndrome is recognized as an electroclinical syndrome that is clinically characterized by autonomic seizures and electroencephalographically by multifocal EEG foci. EEG studies were reviewed herein and the suitability of the EEG definition to characterize SeLEAS was assessed.

Methods And Results: The EEG findings of SeLEAS studies published to date were reviewed and typical sites of EEG foci and their evolutionary changes with age were analyzed.

[Epilepsy in Children].

Childhood epilepsy is characterized by specific epilepsy syndromes that occur during each developmental age. These "age-dependent" epilepsy syndromes are clinically categorized into a self-limited epilepsy group with good prognosis and high prevalence rate and a pharmacoresistant epilepsy group with poor prognosis despite low prevalence rates. Many children develop pharmacoresistant epilepsy beginning in early infancy and progress to developmental epileptic encephalopathy, which is associated with intellectual, behavioral, and/or motor disabilities.

Non-lesional late-onset epilepsy in the elderly Japanese patients: Presenting characteristics and seizure outcomes with regard to comorbid dementia.

The objective of the present retrospective study was analysis of clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological characteristics of the non-lesional late-onset epilepsy (NLLOE) in the elderly Japanese patients, and comparison of the seizure outcomes in this population with regard to presence of comorbid dementia. The study cohort comprised 89 consecutive patients with NLLOE aged ≥ 65 years. In 49 cases (55%), NLLOE manifested with a single type of seizure.

[A Case of Reactive Arthritis after BCG Intravesical Infusion Therapy Successfully Treated with Salazosulfapyridine].

The patient was a 70-year-old woman who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor in May 2020. She was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma (high grade, pT1 by pathology). We started bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intravesical infusion (80 mg Tokyo strain) in August of the same year after a second transurethral resection.