Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in sevoflurane-anesthetized Thoroughbred horses.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium administered by bolus injection to sevoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental, crossover study.

Animals: Five healthy adult Thoroughbred horses (body mass 368-470 kg, three females and two males).

The unique structure of the highly conserved PPLP region in HIV-1 Vif is critical for the formation of APOBEC3 recognition interfaces.

The human cellular cytidine deaminases APOBEC3s (A3s) inhibit virion infectivity factor (Vif)-deficient HIV-1 replication. However, virus-encoded Vifs abolish this defense system by specifically recruiting A3s to an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to induce their degradation. The highly conserved Vif PPLP motif is critical for the Vif-mediated antagonism of A3s and is believed to be important for Vif multimerization.

Acyl modifications in bovine, porcine, and equine ghrelins.

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone with various important physiological functions. The unique feature of ghrelin is its serine 3 acyl-modification, which is essential for ghrelin activity. The major form of ghrelin is modified with n-octanoic acid (C8:0) by ghrelin O-acyltransferase.

Population-based nanopore sequencing of the HIV-1 pangenome to identify drug resistance mutations.

HIV-1 drug resistance genotypic tests have primarily been performed by Sanger sequencing of gene segments encoding different drug target proteins. Since the number of targets has increased with the addition of a new class of antiretroviral drugs, a simple high-throughput system for assessing nucleotide sequences throughout the HIV-1 genome is required. Here, we developed a new solution using nanopore sequencing of viral pangenomes amplified by PCR.

Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 self-amplifying RNA vaccine expressing an anchored RBD: A randomized, observer-blind phase 1 study.

VLPCOV-01 is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine that expresses a membrane-anchored receptor-binding domain (RBD) derived from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. A phase 1 study of VLPCOV-01 is conducted (jRCT2051210164). Participants who completed two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine previously are randomized to receive one intramuscular vaccination of 0.