Conversion of silent synapses to AMPA receptor-mediated functional synapses in human cortical organoids.

Despite the crucial role of synaptic connections and neural activity in the development and organization of cortical circuits, the mechanisms underlying the formation of functional synaptic connections in the developing human cerebral cortex remain unclear. We investigated the development of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission using human cortical organoids (hCOs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Two-photon Ca⁺ imaging revealed an increase in the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous activity in hCOs on day 80 compared to day 50.

Long-Term Coronary Artery Evaluation Using Noncontrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Patients with Kawasaki Disease.

To evaluate the use of noncontrast-enhanced coronary magnetic resonance angiography (NC-CMRA) for long-term follow-up in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). In total, 40 (77 aneurysms) patients with KD who underwent NC-CMRA were retrospectively analyzed. Coronary artery aneurysms and dilations observed during the acute phase were classified into three groups according to their diameter based on the American Heart Association criteria.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: A study on safety and efficacy in ocular inflammation.

Purpose: This study explores the application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSCs) as a therapy for ocular inflammatory diseases utilizing a chronic GVHD model.

Methods: Human adMSCs were administered via subconjunctival injection into mice with chronic ocular GVHD. Clinical scores and changes in T cell populations were analyzed.

Medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84 deficiency leads to metabolic homeostasis dysfunction in mice fed high-fat diet.

Overconsumption of food, especially dietary fat, leads to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitoleate are recognized as the risk factors for these disorders owing to their high-energy content and lipotoxicity. In contrast, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) metabolic benefits; however, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.