Exogenous Cytokinin 4PU-30 Modulates the Response of Wheat and Einkorn Seedlings to Ultraviolet B Radiation.

Abiotic stress is responsible for a significant reduction in crop plant productivity worldwide. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a natural component of sunlight and a permanent environmental stimulus. This study investigated the distinct responses of young wheat and einkorn plants to excessive UV-B radiation (180 min at λ 312 nm) following foliar pretreatment with 1 µM synthetic cytokinin 4PU-30.

3D-printed large-area focused grid for scatter reduction in cone-beam CT.

Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems acquire volumetric data more efficiently than fan-beam or multislice CT, particularly when the anatomy of interest resides within the axial field-of-view of the detector and data can be acquired in one rotation. For such systems, scattered radiation remains a source of image quality degradation leading to increased noise, image artifacts, and CT number inaccuracies.

Purpose: Recent advances in metal additive manufacturing allow the production of highly focused antiscatter grids (2D-ASGs) that can be used to reduce scatter intensity, while preserving primary radiation transmission.

Localized Oxygen Exchange Platform for Intravital Video Microscopy Investigations of Microvascular Oxygen Regulation.

Intravital microscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for studying microvascular physiology. In this study, we propose a gas exchange system compatible with intravital microscopy that can be used to impose gas perturbations to small localized regions in skeletal muscles or other tissues that can be imaged using conventional inverted microscopes. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this system by locally manipulating oxygen concentrations in rat muscle and measuring the resulting vascular responses.

Image-based design and 3D-metal printing of a rat hip implant for use in a clinically representative model of joint replacement.

The aim of this study was to obtain micro-computed tomography derived measurements of the rat proximal femur, to create parameterized rat hip implants that could be surgically installed in a clinically representative small animal model of joint replacement. The proximal femoral anatomy of N = 25 rats (male, Sprague-Dawley, 390-605 g) was quantified. Key measurements were used to parameterize computer-aided design models of monoblock rat femoral implants.

Vibration of osteoblastic cells using a novel motion-control platform does not acutely alter cytosolic calcium, but desensitizes subsequent responses to extracellular ATP.

Low-magnitude high-frequency mechanical vibration induces biological responses in many tissues. Like many cell types, osteoblasts respond rapidly to certain forms of mechanostimulation, such as fluid shear, with transient elevation in the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca ] ). However, it is not known whether vibration of osteoblastic cells also induces acute elevation in [Ca ] .