Lactate induces metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells.

Increased lactate levels in the tissue microenvironment are a well-known feature of chronic inflammation. However, the role of lactate in regulating T cell function remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular lactate predominantly induces deregulation of the Th17-specific gene expression program by modulating the metabolic and epigenetic status of Th17 cells.

Emerging aspects in the regulation of ferroptosis.

Lipid peroxidation has been associated with a wide array of (patho)physiological conditions. Remarkably, in the last few years, a novel cell death modality termed ferroptosis was recognized as a process initiated by iron-dependent oxidation of lipids. The sensitivity to ferroptosis is determined by the activity of antioxidant systems working on the repair of oxidized phospholipids and also metabolic pathways controlling the availability of substrates susceptible to lipid peroxidation.

High-energy diode-pumped D2O-cooled multislab Yb:YAG and Yb:QX-glass lasers.

We investigated the lasing performance of a multislab Yb:QX and Yb:YAG laser amplifiers using a facet-cooled design. Di-deuterium oxide (D2O) was used as the coolant flowing between the active slabs with the pump and laser light passing through the very low absorbing heavy-water films. A square pump profile at a maximum intensity of 40  kW/cm2 drove the amplifier with a peak fluence of 5.