Detection of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate of the reaction of acetyl chloride with ethanol in microdroplets laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of chemical reactions is of great interest to scientists working in many fields as it enables the rationalization, prediction, and design of reactions. Many chemical processes involve the formation of short-lived reaction intermediates, most of which cannot be isolated and are challenging to detect. One such intermediate is the tetrahedral intermediate often proposed to be generated upon the reactions of acetyl chlorides with simple alcohols an addition/elimination mechanism.

Parent participation in alcohol prevention: Evaluation of an alcohol prevention programme.

Aim: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the parental part of the Norwegian Unge & Rus (Youth and Alcohol) programme. The intervention was aimed at changing parents' rules and attitudes towards adolescent alcohol use, and their ability to talk with their adolescents about alcohol, as well as improving parents' relationships with and knowledge about their adolescents. These topics were addressed during parent meetings at school.

Metabolic Control and Illness Perceptions in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Disturbed eating behavior and psychosocial variables have been found to influence metabolic control, but little is known about how these variables interact or how they influence metabolic control, separately and combined.

Objective: To explore associations between metabolic control (measured by HbA1c) and eating disorder psychopathology, coping strategies, illness perceptions, and insulin beliefs in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 105 patients (41.

Preventing alcohol use with a universal school-based intervention: results from an effectiveness study.

Background: The effectiveness of the universal school-based alcohol prevention program "Unge & Rus" [Youth & Alcohol] was tested by an independent research group. The program aims to prevent alcohol use and to change adolescents' alcohol-related attitudes. The main outcome measure was frequency of monthly alcohol use, favorable alcohol attitudes, perceived behavioral control (PBC), positive alcohol expectancy and alcohol-related knowledge.

Early drinking onset: a study of prevalence and determinants among 13-year-old adolescents in Norway.

Early drinking onset is associated with different psychosocial adjustment problems among adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess determinants associated with early drinking and to identify factors predicting early drinking onset among adolescents. The study included 1,550 eighth-graders with a mean age of 13.