Chondroitin sulfate in invertebrate development.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is one of the most evolutionarily conserved glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Although CS's function in skeletal development is well established in vertebrates, CS exists in more primitive animal species with no cartilage or bone, such as and , indicating that the original role of CS was not in the skeletal system. In this review, we focus on the roles of CS and the mechanisms of action during development of two genetically trackable model organisms, and .

Multicenter Remote-Access Simulation of Vaginal Delivery for High-Flexibility Medical Education during the Coronavirus Pandemic.

During the coronavirus pandemic, face-to-face simulation education became impossible. Therefore, we aimed to develop remote-access simulation education with a sense of realism through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) using a perinatal whole-body management and delivery simulator. In September 2021, we administered a multi-center simultaneous remote simulation based on our developed model.

Barbed vs conventional sutures for cesarean uterine scar defects: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The role of barbed sutures in preventing myometrial defects and enhancing postpartum outcomes after cesarean section (C-section) is uncertain.

Objective: This study compared clinical and ultrasonographic outcomes of uterine scar defects after C-section with barbed and conventional smooth thread sutures.

Study Design: This was a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Pre-existing autoimmune disease as a risk factor for immune-related adverse events in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used as standard therapies for various cancers. However, in 20-30% of cases, ICIs can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which sometimes require discontinuation of treatment. Due to the increased risk of irAEs, patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases (AI) are often advised against receiving ICIs.

In vivo activities of heparan sulfate differentially modified by NDSTs during development.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) serve as co-receptors for growth factor signaling during development. It is well known that the level and patterns of sulfate groups of heparan sulfate (HS) chains, or HS fine structures, have a major impact on HSPG function. On the other hand, the physiological significance of other structural features of HS, including NS/NA domain organization, remains to be elucidated.