Publications by authors named "H Mitoma"
Article Synopsis
- Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) are disorders where the immune system primarily attacks the cerebellum, with various types like gluten ataxia and Miller Fisher syndrome identified, leading to insights into diagnosis and treatment.
- Specific autoantibodies help pinpoint some IMCA causes, but others require careful interpretation, as the relationships between them and the conditions are not always clear.
- New classifications such as primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (PACA) and latent autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (LACA) have emerged to improve early treatment and management, while recent studies are exploring how autoimmunity affects synapses and nervous system function.
Article Synopsis
- Prenatal alcohol exposure affects an estimated 2-5% of live births, leading to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which includes motor and cognitive deficits linked to specific brain regions like the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
- Damage to the developing cerebellum can disrupt connections between cerebellar and cerebral circuits, resulting in cognitive issues such as problems with attention, memory, and social skills.
- Proposed therapies focus on repairing these disrupted cerebello-cerebral connections, emphasizing anti-inflammatory approaches and strategies to improve cerebellar myelination for better brain function.
Article Synopsis
- The cerebellum plays a crucial role in regulating motor, cognitive, social, and emotional functions by interacting with other brain structures to support automatic behaviors and predictive mechanisms across various tasks, including reward-related activities.
- It encodes important signals related to reward prediction and temporal changes, influenced by chemical changes in catecholamines, which assist in cognitive learning and complex behavior modulation.
- Recent research highlights the cerebellum's involvement in mood disorders and addiction, as it helps manage reward sensitivity and loss aversion, while also predicting behavioral outcomes based on past experiences, which can affect social interactions and impulse control.
Immune Ataxias: The Continuum of Latent Ataxia, Primary Ataxia and Clinical Ataxia.
J Integr Neurosci
April 2024
Article Synopsis
- Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) have been recognized as a clinical category that arises from immune attacks on the cerebellum, which houses a significant number of brain neurons and various antigens.
- IMCAs manifest in acute or subacute phases and include conditions such as gluten ataxia, post-infectious cerebellitis, and anti-GAD ataxia, presenting symptoms like vestibulocerebellar and motor syndromes.
- Latent autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (LACA) serves as a precursor stage for patients who are asymptomatic or exhibit mild symptoms, potentially allowing for therapeutic intervention to maintain neuronal health before progressing to more severe autoimmune disorders.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to categorize patients with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and analyze differences in their prognosis based on various factors.
- A total of 153 patients were grouped into four clusters using characteristics like age, sex, clinical features, and lab results, revealing distinct profiles and outcomes for each group.
- Patients in Cluster 4, who were older and had more complications, showed the lowest survival rates and drug-free remission compared to the other clusters, indicating varying severities of AOSD.