Synaptic protein expression in bipolar disorder patient-derived neurons implicates PSD-95 as a marker of lithium response.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania. Lithium is the gold standard pharmacotherapy for BD, but outcomes are variable, and the relevant therapeutic mechanisms underlying successful treatment response remain uncertain. To identify synaptic markers of BD and lithium response, we measured the effects of lithium on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from BD patients and controls.

Covalent organic frameworks and their composites as enhanced energy storage materials.

The advancement in materials chemistry promoted the growth of energy storage systems such as capacitors, supercapacitors and batteries. Covalent organic frameworks and nanomaterials have significantly improved the performance of various energy storage systems. Because of the unique properties of these materials, like high surface area, tunable architectures, and enhanced conductivity, researchers have developed effective and durable energy storage solutions for multiple applications.

Rapid metabolic fingerprinting meets machine learning models to identify authenticity and detect adulteration of essential oils with vegetable oils: Mentha and Ocimum study.

Essential oils (EOs) are gaining popularity due to their potent antibacterial properties, as well as their applications in food preservation and flavor enhancement, offering growth opportunities for the food industry. However, their widespread use as food preservatives is limited by authenticity challenges, primarily stemming from adulteration with cheaper oils. This study investigated a rapid, cost-effective, and non-destructive method for assessing the authenticity of widely used Mentha and Ocimum EOs.

Superhydrophobic sand mulch and date palm biochar boost growth of in sandy soils via enhanced irrigation and nutrient use efficiency.

Introduction: It is desirable to rehabilitate desert ecosystems with a selection of native plant species that render ecosystem services and yield natural products for creating a high-value industry, e.g., pharmaceuticals or cosmetics.

Surface elemental and structural analysis of ancient Indian punch-marked coins (600 to 200 BCE): insights into metallurgy and economic practices.

Punch-marked coins (PMCs) are the oldest coins in India and among the most widely circulated globally, often found in hoards that highlight their extensive use. This study utilizes X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the surface elemental composition and chemical properties of nine series (S-0 to S-VIII) of Janapada (S-0) and imperial PMCs (S-1 to S-VIII) dating from 600 to 200 BCE, housed in the Numismatic Society of India at BHU, Varanasi, based on the Gupta-Hardakar classification related to the PMCs. XRD results reveal four prominent diffraction peaks corresponding to metallic silver (Ag) in the face-centred cubic (fcc) phase, with a slight variation in d-spacing (∼ 0.