In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic, α-Glucosidase Inhibition and Antibacterial Activities of Three Brown Algae, , , and , and a Red Alga, from the Persian Gulf.

Background: In recent decades, algae have attracted worldwide attention for their great biological activities, such as antidiabetic and antibacterial properties.

Objectives: We measured antibacterial and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of methanol and 80% methanol extracts of three brown algae species, , , and , and a red alga, , from the Persian Gulf coasts.

Methods: Antibacterial activity of the algal extracts was assessed by broth dilution method against three gram-negative and -positive bacteria, including , , ; , , and , respectively.

Cardiorenal Protections of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

Cardiovascular disease and renal complications raise the risk of death and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a novel class of glucose-lowering drug that increases urine glucose excretion while decreasing blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients by inhibiting glucose reabsorption. In the present article, we review the discovery and development of SGLT2i as a new T2D treatment approach for T2D; thereafter, we consider different cell-based methods for the evaluation of SGLT2i.

Controversial Role of Folic Acid on Diabetic Auditory Neuropathy.

Objective: Diabetic auditory neuropathy (DAN) is a common complication of diabetes that seriously affects the quality of life in patients. In this study, we investigate the role of folic acid in the treatment of DAN in an experimental rat model.

Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups: group 1, normal; group 2, diabetic rats; and groups 3 and 4, diabetic rats treated with folic acid (40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively).

Inhibitory Potential of Six Brown Algae from the Persian Gulf on α-Glucosidase and Antidiabetic Effect of .

Background: Brown algae have gained worldwide attention due to their significant biological activities, such as antidiabetic properties. In the present study, the antidiabetic properties of six brown algae from the Persian Gulf were investigated.

Methods: An experimental study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 to examine the inhibitory effects of six brown algae against the α-glucosidase activity.

Therapeutic Effects of Milk Thistle ( L.) and Artichoke ( L.) on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Background: At present, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) does not have an approved pharmacologic therapy. The present study investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of milk thistle ( L.) and artichoke ( L.