Detection of meat-borne trimethylamine based on nanoporous colorimetric sensor arrays.

Trimethylamine (TMA) is a key measurement indicator for meat spoilage. In order to develop simple, cheap, and sensitive sensors for TMA detection, a nanoporous colorimetric sensor array (NCSA) was developed. A sol-gel method has been used to obtain TiO2 nanoporous film as substrate material to improve the sensitivity and stability of the CSA.

Determination of total flavonoids content in fresh Ginkgo biloba leaf with different colors using near infrared spectroscopy.

Total flavonoids content is often considered an important quality index of Ginkgo biloba leaf. The feasibility of using near infrared (NIR) spectra at the wavelength range of 10,000-4000cm(-1) for rapid and nondestructive determination of total flavonoids content in G. biloba leaf was investigated.

Additional evidence for an association between the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III seven-repeat allele and substance abuse in opioid dependent subjects: relationship of treatment retention to genotype and personality.

The long form of the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III repeat polymorphism has been linked in some but not all studies to impulsive, extravagant and novelty-seeking personality traits that are prominent in affiliated behaviours such as attention deficit disorder and substance abuse. In particular, we have reported previously an increased frequency of the long seven-repeat D4DR exon III allele in a group of 141 opioiddependent subjects compared to 110 control subjects. In order to further substantiate the role of D4DR in contributing to heroin addiction we have genotyped an additional, smaller cohort of opioid-dependent subjects.

Theoretical considerations on cell ensembles.

Structure-function interdependency must apply at the supracellular level as well as at cellular and molecular levels. The overall structure and the intercellular geometry of the multicellular erythroblastic island, although strongly dependent upon molecular interactions (which determine or modulate recognition, adhesion, and the like), also carry consequences at a more general physical-chemical level. These relate to such factors as local concentrations and gradients, the nature of the forces and the phase-state of the material in the intercellular region, the generalized intercellular transport processes (diffusional, osmotic, electrokinetic, hydrodynamic, etc.