The Gender Disparity in Operative Opportunities for Trainee Surgeons: A Review.

Introduction: Assessing gender disparity in surgical trainees' operative opportunities and experience quantifies implicit gender bias and reflects a summation of many smaller biased interactions within the operating room environment. Highlighting gender disparity in surgery informs a platform for advocacy.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, Web of Science, OpenMD and Science Direct consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis guidelines.

Brain tumour patients' use of social media for disease management: Current practices and implications for the future.

Objective: The role of social media in disease management is evolving. We aimed to define current use of social media for patients with primary brain tumours.

Methods: This was a single-centre cross-sectional prospective study; a questionnaire was administered on electronic tablets to patients in the Outpatient Department of Royal Melbourne Hospital.

Challenges in the Australasian neurosurgery training program: who should be trained and where should they train?

Objective: Neurosurgical training poses particular challenges in Australia and New Zealand, given the large landmass, small population, and widely separated, often small, neurosurgical units. Such factors have necessitated a move away from autonomous, single-institution-based training to the selection of trainees by a centralized binational process. The success of this system is based on rigorous standardized evaluation of candidates' academic achievements, anatomical knowledge, references, and interview performance.