Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China.

Bats are presumed reservoirs of diverse coronaviruses (CoVs) including progenitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. However, the evolution and diversification of these coronaviruses remains poorly understood. Here we use a Bayesian statistical framework and a large sequence data set from bat-CoVs (including 589 novel CoV sequences) in China to study their macroevolution, cross-species transmission and dispersal.

Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma in a Patient With Hematemesis: A Case Report.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a soft tissue tumor primarily occurring in immunosuppressed patients and, although it has been described, dissemination of KS is rare. This case involves a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and biopsy-proven cutaneous KS presenting with hematemesis suspected due to gastrointestinal involvement in whom endoscopy with biopsy was contraindicated due to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and the hypervascular nature of KS tumors. Alternatively, the diagnosis was made via macroscopic findings on bronchoscopy, which demonstrated neovascular lesions, confirming visceral KS.

Pandemic origins and a One Health approach to preparedness and prevention: Solutions based on SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses.

COVID-19 is the latest zoonotic RNA virus epidemic of concern. Learning how it began and spread will help to determine how to reduce the risk of future events. We review major RNA virus outbreaks since 1967 to identify common features and opportunities to prevent emergence, including ancestral viral origins in birds, bats, and other mammals; animal reservoirs and intermediate hosts; and pathways for zoonotic spillover and community spread, leading to local, regional, or international outbreaks.

Valence does not affect recognition.

Valence refers to the extent to which a stimulus is viewed as negative or positive. One recent model of valence, the NEVER model (Bowen et al., 2018), predicts that in general negative words will be better remembered than positive or neutral words.