Description of life cycle and immature stages of Yphthimoides celmis (Godart, [1824]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a contribution to the taxonomic status of the genus.

This article describes the immature stages of the satyrid butterfly Yphthimoides celmis (Godart) for the first time. Morphology, head and body chaetotaxy, and coloration patterns are compared with those of other Yphthimoides species. Larvae behavioral aspects and oviposition behavior are also documented here.

Redescription of Paracles vulpina (Hbner, [1825]) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), with comments of the aquatic habit of larval instars.

The genus Paracles Walker, 1855 is one of the most diverse genera present in Arctiinae and some species have larvae with aquatic habits. Several larvae were found swimming in flooded areas in different grasslands and were bred to adults to identify the species: Paracles vulpina (Hbner, [1825]). The current knowledge of immature stages of this species is not useful to identify and discriminate from other species of Paracles.

Type material of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in the collection of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

The Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN) possesses one of the most important Lepidoptera collections in South America. Here are deposited several type specimens of Lepidoptera, particularly of Arctiinae, described by Burmeister, Berg, Snellen, Jörgensen, Giacomelli, Orfila, and Forster. This study presents a catalogue with complete information and photographs of most type specimens of Arctiinae housed in the MACN.

The emerging importance of noncoding RNAs in the insecticide tolerance, with special emphasis on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

Recently generated high-throughput sequencing data sets have shed light on the important regulatory roles of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecules in the development of higher organisms. Nowadays it is well-known that regulatory ncRNAs can bind complementary RNA or DNA sequences and recruit chromatin remodelers to selectively modulate gene expression. Consequently, genome sequencing and transcriptomics technologies are now being used to reveal hidden associations among ncRNAs and distinct biological mechanisms.

Description of three new species of Apatelodidae from the southern neotropical region (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea).

Three new species of Apatelodidae are described from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay: , , and , and are figured with their genitalia. Detailed examination of primary types leads to the establishment of a new synonymy: Schaus, 1929 = Schaus, 1924, , and a revised status for another Apatelodidae species previously misplaced in the Bombycidae: (Dognin, 1916),